Cooling system



I May 21, 1940. F. PplLLsLEY Q 4 COOLING SYSTEM Filed on. '21. 193 4'Sheets-Sheet 1 4 I I Fmk P, I llslg v qttorneg y 1940- F. P. ILL-SLEY'2,201,314

COOLING SYSTEM I Filed 00;. 21, 1936 4 She e'tsPShet 2 Zinhentor PM k P.111513 l Ijhis invention relates} to cooling systems for;

internal combustion engines, and. hasrto; do with i l a coolingisystemparticularly adaptedfwforiuse slight-"area;of rcontact betwenniewalvemember with automobiles and with avalvefor usein suc andthe:l'cooperating valve sea ahci -bihg' pro a system. ,a, i. m. a'lIhe-use oi a; cooling system for, amautomobile the'systemean'dsofgreatarearel'ativ to the valve 1 engine, and which system is normally,closed tee: mmherifdriopening thersanieg' this valye -assuringtheatmosphere, possesses numerous acivantages thatrthe systemrz-willbeoneiiewtothe atmosphere over the cooling systems now in use-and which-wat the predetermined maximiimiiressure withing" m are at all times;open,to the atmosphere; By the syste'rnizzl tirther objectsan"advantages of i0 having thegcooling system closed tothe atmosa myinvention 'lwill appear fro h" detail" de phere, loss of waterorantl-freeze is prevented, yseriptiom l. I, l 1 the engine mayoperateat highertemperatures rmtheldrawingsz l than with a normally opencooling. system with Figured i's'a': fragmentary sid viewcf anin 15resultingincrease in efliciencyi and the; radiator r: ternal: combustionengine an'd a cooliiigsystem may be of smaller capacity than inthenormally -z=in accordaneemith"mylinventiorrapplied thereto; opencooling system,,;thuseffecting a saving inparts being:shown im'section,i cost of the radiator.; Whileagclosed coolingsys-n Figure: 2121'say'arragxnentary eetiOIiaI yie'W tem is preferable toa' nO imally open;,cooling "fuhIOUEhlcilhE?tbp itankiOf a radiatdr and-the valve system,for the reasons noted, there areceitain- :of mylinvention appliedtherfetoi illustrating a difficulties attendant upon the use of a;closed; modified'iormtofmyinventio system. Figure. ;Bs,:is: "aa fragmentIn a. closed system considerablepressure may through .thettopvwa'll ofthe to build unwithin the system, including the radir 'lustrating avmodifiedfornt'dfator, accompanied by'an increase: in temperatureva1ve;.-

F nghich may become sufficiently high tosoften the Figure4 isiragmentary sideWiew solder; of the joints, and under unfavorablecontank ofta ira'diaton partly broken aw ditions this pressure maybecomeso great taste section; illustrating a" second cause: rupture ofthe radiatoror blowing off of invention s thehose connection.- Inorderito limit the pres- Figure 5 is a. fragmentary backyiew of filtiiziifi a. safe: maximum value; it is necessarylzto :gator andrassdciated parts "tratiii emnlo arelief valven Relief valves ofordinary .modifi'cation oi'myfii'nventiori P typg-garejnot suitable forthis purpose,due to the Figure. 6 1 ejli'ragn entary smaLl area of thevalve exposed to the pressure gine-an'dv adiatofiillustratiii A withinthe system; and to the relatively large, area oij contact between thevalveand itsyseat.

A relief valveuseci in a vcoolingsystem is subiect to thegliquid andvaporszof the system andsoon M fouled or corroded, with .the result thatlve member sticks to its seatiand will not: gpematthe desired safe andpredetermined maxa imurn pressure. A further diflicultyin using a closeci system is that. if the lflller cap or ,equiv'a lent member is removedfor replenishing the) 4 5 water l r. liquid in the radiator whenthersystem urine: appreciable pressure, thereisgreatvdanvz ger of theperson removing the'zcapvbeing SfiI'i-j ousl y egalded by water: andsteame. blowing out throngh the filler neck or opening; i, W Qneggfmthemain objects of; my invention isto? .provigez a gthoroughly practicaland highly emoijr A ent cgoling system for internal combustionen- Figurelv ariaipsiii i L v inb a section illustrating a third .e f. v rticlrseatlona vie u he fill K ec andassociateQparfisoha radiator andclosnre neans thf01t,;;illustratin r a fourth flQFflQ! fil y men iommassociateci; parts shown-ein rigure 10;" 5 g i gines m ticularly wellsuited ior-usewithaiitw F'igl.1i'e{i0, partly-broken away;

tmesphere and is free of the above noted cap oiFlgure and i vided',with?avmeinber fisubject to the ressure of is Figure 11 isja plan viewof the filler neclranci t mobile engines, which system is normally:eiosecl Figure; 13 isvanunclerneath view oflthe may Figure 14 is a viewsimilar to Figure 10 illustrating a fifth modification of my invention.

This application is a continuation in part of my copending application,Serial No. 639,317,

filed October 24, 1932, which has matured into,

inder block 0 and a cylinder head d, alsowater jacketed. This engine hasassociated therewith a cooling system comprising a radiator 1' which is,in general, of known construction and is provided with a top tank If anda bottom tank 8. Tank s is provided with an outlet fitting f in whichismounted a non-return valve 9 of known type. Fitting f is connected bya length of hose h to intake member 1' of a pump p,-the discharge ofwhich is connected by a manifold m to the cylinder block 0. 'This pumpmay be driven in any suitable manner, and is shown as being driven fromthe timing gearing o of the engine. An outlet neck n extends from thehead d and has a reducer 7c suitably mounted on its outer end, thisreducer being connected by a length of hose 1 to an inlet fitting a ofthe top tank t and opening thereinto. The pump 10 serves to producecirculation of the water or cooling liquid through the cooling system ina known manner.

Neck n is suitably shaped, at its upper end, to provide a seat for adisc valve 12 operated by' a bellows thermostat. u, the lower end of.which is suitably secured at bin neck 11.. The valve 0 and thebellows-thermostat u are properly proportioned to balance the pressureso that the valve is controlled by temperature only. The valve 17 servesto close the upper or outer end of neck n until the water or coolingliquid of the engine jacket reaches a predetermined temperaturesufficiently high to assure proper starting and operation of the engine.The valves 9' and aceoperate to segregate the portion of the coolingsystem therebetween from the radiator, 50 that relatively highpressures, with resultingincrease in temperature, can be built up in thesystem between these two valves without subjecting the radiator toobjectionably high pressures and temperatures.

Neck n is provided with anoifset forming a valve chamber I in which ismounted a ball float valve 2 which controls a vent opening 3 in the topof chamber l. Downward movement of valve 2 in the chamber is limited bya pin 4 projecting into the lower end of the chamber. When the coolingsystem is properly filled with cooling liquid,

valve 2 occupies the position of Figure 1 and closes opening 3 to theatmosphere. In this figure ,thecooling liquid is at the normal leveltherefor when the engine is hot.

When the engine cools down, with corresponding cooling oiT of thecooling system, the cooling liquid in the systemfalls materially belowthe level thereof shown in Figure 1, and a partial vacuum may beproduced in the cooling system. Under such conditions, valve v2 will belowered so as to uncover the opening 3 and admit air therethrough intothe system to satisfy the par tial vacuum produced.

It is desirable, particularly in a closed cooling system, that anexpansion space be provided to accommodate the expansion of the coolingliquid,

when heated, and the vapors generated by heating of the liquid. The tankt is provided with a filling tube 5, the lower portion of which isclosed or sealed to the atmosphere.

through the top wall of the radiator so as to form therewith afluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure. A threaded collar 1 issecured about the upper portion of tube 5 and receives a closure cap 8which screws onto the collar and forms therewith, and with the upper endof the tube, a fluid tight and pressure-resistant closure. The fillingtube serves to limit the height to which the tank t can be filledbyliquid introduced through the tube 5 and assures that an adequateexpansion space 9 is provided above the liquid in the tank. It will beunderstood that the level of the liquid shown in Figure 1 isapproximately the maximum height to which the water or like coolingliquid introduced through the tube 5 will rise when the engine is cold.After the engine has been in operation for a considerable time, thewater or cooling liquid in the system becomes heated and expands so thatthe expansion space will be correspondingly smaller than the space shownin Figure 1. V

A cup-shaped valve casing Ill is mounted at the back of'radiator tank tand communicates therewith through a nipple ll extending from the casingand secured in a collar l2 defining an opening through the back wall ofthe tank. The top of casing 10 is closed by a circular diaphragm l3 ofresilient metal, brass being suitable for this purpose. The edgeportionof this diaphragm is tightly secured in a bead l4 formed byturning down the edge portionof casing l0 so as to form a fluid-tightand pressure-resistant closure between the edge of the diaphragm and thecasing. The main portion of thejdiaphragm isdepressed so as to fitintothe upper portion of casing l0 and be held thereby in concentricrelation to the casing. This diaphragm is preferably provided with aplurality of concentric corrugations extending about a valve element l5of annular shape and defining a circular outlet opening at the center ofthe diaphragm. Conveniently, the element I5 is formed by turning downthe center portion of the diaphragm as shown. The valve element seatsupon the upper fiat face of a valve seat member l6 extending upwardlyfrom the casing Ill centrally thereof, this seat member being formedintegral with the casing. Diaphragm l3 acts, by its inherent resiliency,to normally hold valve element IS in edgewise contact with the flat seatof member l6 so as to form theresible sticking together of the valve andthe valve seat due to corrosion.

Normally, the cooling system is completely In the operation of theengine, the cooling liquid is heated and vapors are evolved so thatpressure is built up within the system and, consequently, within thespace} and the valve casing H). The pressure exerted by the diaphragm l3may be such that the valve member [5 starts to move away from theseat'member l6 when a definite and chamber 3!,- which chambercommunicates through openings 36 with the interior of tank t. A stem 31extends through the upper end of float tank orchamber 3| and carries, atits upper end,

a disc head 38. A bimetallic thermostat strip 39 has its inner enddisposed beneath head 38, the outer endof this strip being secured to abracket 40 secured to the inner face of the back wall of tank 15. Anelbow 4| is secured through the top wall of tank t and opens into theexpansion space 9. This elbow is connected by a length of hose 42 to afitting 43 which screws into a boss 44 opening through the top of tank25. When the engine is cold, the thermostat strip 39 holds the head 38in its uppermost position, thus holding the valve 33 seated andpreventing entry of cooling liquid into tank t through nipple 30. Afterthe engine has been operated for an appreciable time and the cool'm"system has been heatedto the proper operating temperature, strip 39becomes bowed downward so as to release the head 33 and, under suchconditions, if thelevel of the liquid in tank 9 falls below the level ofFigure 1, valve 33 opens and admits suflicient liquid from tank 25 torestore the liquid level in tank t. i It is desirable that thisreplenishment of the liquid in the cooling system occur when the systemis at operating temperature, since, if additional liquid were admittedto the system when cold, the expansion of this additional liquid whenheated might result in increasing the pressure in expansion space 9 toan undesirable extent, thus causing premature opening of the reliefvalve and the loss of more or less liquid rather than vapor only. Inthis connection it is noted that the pressure at which the relief valveopens bears an approximate relation to the operating temperature of theengine, as above pointed out. While I preferably provide the tank 25 andassociated parts for automatically replenishing theliquid supply in thecooling system, this is not essential and these parts may be omitted ifdesired. Also, if desired,the valves 12 and 2, and associated parts, maybe omitted, as well as the valve g.

In the form of my invention illustrated in Figure 2 top wall 50 of thetank t is provided with a filler opening defined by a collar A threadedring 52 is secured about the collar 5| so as to form a fluid-tight andpressure-resistant closure therewith. Ring 52 receives a flange nut 53which screws thereon. A cylindrical filling tube 54 extends through ring52 and downwardly within tank t to within a short distance of the bottomwall thereof. This tube'is provided, at its upper end, with an outwardlyextending flange 55 which is tightly clamped between the upper face ofring 52 and flange 56 of nut 53, so as to provide a fluid-tight andpressure-resistant closure about the flange of the tube. Flange 56 ofnut 53 is interiorly threaded for reception of a threaded closure cap 51screwing into flange 56, this cap having an outer flange 58 which seatsupon a gasket 59 confined between flanges 56 and 58 so as to form afluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure therebetween. Preferably,flange 55 of tube 54 is suitably secured to flange 56 of nut 53. Byremoving nut 53 the tube 54 may be removed so that there is no airtrapped in tank t which may then be filled more quickly than when tube54 is in place. The cap 51 is provided with an L-shaped duct 60extending from a central cavity 6| in the under face of the cap andopening through the under face of flange 58. Normally,- the outer end ofduct 66 is sealed by the gasket 59. If the cap 51 is screwed out offlange 56 for a short distance, the outer end of duct 60 is moved out ofcontact with gasket 59 and the duct then serves to vent any pressureWithin the tube 54 to the at mosphere.- This serves as a warning thatappreciable pressure exists within the tank t and the cap 51 should notbe removed until the pressure within the tank has dropped to atmosphericpressure, or approximately so, which can be determined'by the velocityof the air or vapor e'scaping through the duct 60.

Top wall 50 of the tank is provided with an opening which accommodates avalve structure 62, quite similar to the valve structure of Figure 1,wall 50 being depressed about this opening to provide a flange 63forming a seat for bead 64 of valve structure 62. This valve structurecomprises a lower casing section 65 of cup-like shape, and an uppercasing section 66, also of cup-like shape. A metal diaphragm 61 extendsacross the casing section ,65, the main or body portion of thisdiaphragm being slightly depressed so as to fit into section 65 incentered relation thereto.. The edge portion of diaphragm 61 constitutesa flange element which extends between the casing sections 65 and 66,which sections are secured tightly together by the head 64 formed byturning downwardly and inwardly the peripheral portion of casing section65. In this manner the two sections of the casing are secured tightlytogether and the edge portion of the diaphragm is clamped tightlybetween the casing sections so as to form therewith a fluid-tight andpressure-resistant closure extending about the circumference of thevalve casing. The diaphragm 61 is formed of resilient sheet metal,preferably brass or bronze, and is preferably provided with a pluralityof concentric corrugations as shown. .The diaphragm is pierced centrallyand is turned downwardly to provide an annular valve member 68 defininga'circular outlet opening. This member 68 is quite thin, being of thesame thickness as the diaphragm 61, and has edge contact with a flatvalve seat 'provided by a seat member 69 extending inwardly from thecentral portion of casing section 65 and conveniently formed integralthere- -With. The diaphragm 61 normally acts, by its inherentresiliency, to hold valve member 68 against the seatof member 69 so asto form a fluid-tight closure therewith. Casing section 65 communicateswith the expansion space in tank 1. through openings in the lower wallof section 65, or' in any other suitable manner. Section 66 of the valvecasing is provided with an outwardly oifset element H, in which issecured a tube 12 opening to atmosphere at a suitable location. Thissection 66 may also be provided with an opening 13 to atmosphere, infront of which, within section 66, and suitably secured thereto. isdisposed a baflie member 14.

The area of the diaphragm 61 exposed to the pressure within the tank tis much greater than the area of the outlet opening or port defined bythe valve element 68, and, since this element has edge contact with theseat of member 69, there is no possibility of the valve sticking closeddue to corrosion or other causes. When the pressure within the coolingsystem reaches the for cleaning, .repair or replacement.

of Figure 5, with the exception that diaphragm 61 is provided with anair inlet opening 61a controlled by a needle valve II 0 carried by abimetallic thermostat strip I I I, at one end there of, this strip beingsecured, at its other end, at H2, to the diaphragm. At ordinaryoperating temperatures, valve II 0 is closed and the main valve 62coperates in the manner previously described. If the cooling system coolsdown to a temperature such as .to create a partial vac uum therein, thethermostat strip III acts to open valve 0, admitting air from tube 8!and easing section 66a' through opening 61a. and thence through casingsection 65a to tank t, and also acts as a pressure vent to vent to theatmosphere air displaced from the tank by expansion of the liquid in thepreliminary warming up of, thesystem.

H In the modified form of valve 62d ho n in Figure 8, a collar N5, ofangle section, seats upon and may be secured to the upper face ofdiaphragm 61b, this collar being interiorly threaded for reception ofanexteriorly threaded annular valve member II6 which screws into thecollar and is provided with a circumferential shoulder 1' which bearsagainst the under face of diaphragmIi'Ib. The diaphragm is thus clampedtightly between collar H5 and shoulder II'I, valve member II6 being thussecured to the diaphragm for movement therewith, At its lower portion,member H6 is beveled from the opposite sides thereof to provide anelement I I6a of reduced thickness and which has edge contact with afiat valve seat at the upper'end of a screw plug H8 screwing into aninteriorly threaded collar II9 extending upwardly from lower casingsection 65b. This plug H8 is provided, in the upper end thereof, with acentral depression I20 corresponding to element 691) of valve 620. Byremoving plug II8, access may be had to the valve chamber and the valveseat and member The depression I20 is curvedto conform in shape to thesegment of a sphere so that particles of foreign materials, which mightotherwise tend to collect upon the flat upper face of plug H8, and whichenter the depression I20, are swept from this depression by vapors orgases passing between member II6 and seat member H8 and thence throughthe outlet port defined by'member II6. Similarly, in valve 620 of Figure7, element 69b provides a rounded depression from which particles offoreign materials are readily swept by vapors flowing under pressureinto and through the valve member.

In the modified form of valve 620, shownin Figure 9, a valve seat memberI2I is supported from the top wall of upper casing section 66b by a pinI22 which screws through a ball I23 rockably'mo'unted in a sphericalsocket structure "I24 defined in partby element I25 of wall 66b and bymember I26 secured to the upper face of this wall. Valve seat member I2Iis of dished crosssection, being shaped to correspond to the segment ofa sphere, and presents a rounded upper face which has edge contactwithvalve element preferable.

68 of diaphragm 61. This renders the valve seat member and theassociated valve element selfcleaning and efiectively eliminatespossibility of sticking together thereof due to corrosion or col--lection of foreign materials therebetween. By turning pin I22, the valveseat member may be adjusted relative to the valve element 68 so as toset the valve to operate at any desired pressure,

within limits. The ball mounting of pin I22 permits of swinging movementof valve seat member I2I so that this member is self-aligning relativeto valve element 68, thus assuring proper contact between this elementand its coacting seat member.

In Figure 6 I have illustrated. an additional modified form of means forfilling thejcooling system. An outlet neck-n' extends from head d of theengine and is connected, at its upper end,

to a T fitting I30. The upper end of fitting I30 is .connected'by. ashort length of hose I3I to an inlet fitting I32 secured to, and openinginto, top

tank T of the radiator 1'. Neck I30a of fitting I30 is closed by a screwcap I33. The fitting I30 is I so disposed that the upper end thereof isin the plane of the desired liquid level within the tank T. Thisassuresthat liquid introduced into the system through neck a cannot extendabove the desired level therein.

If desired, insteadof having the thermostati cally controlled vent valvemounted on the diaphragm of the main valve, as in Figure 7, the valvecasing may be provided with an opening to atmosphere at the valve seatsideof the diaphragm,

this opening being controlled by a thermostatiopening, or entry of airthrough the vent opening,-

at all times or as conditions may require. Furthermore, the vent openingreferred to may be suitably positioned to preventfreezing of the mainvalve, in that it may be disposed to drain moisture from the main valvecasing.

In addition to the filler neck or filler tube closure means abovereferred to, I also contemplate providing a closure for the filler neck,

which closure is urged closed by yieldable means permitting displacementthereof for introducing cooling liquid into the system. In the event ofthere being appreciable pressure within the radiator tank or coolingsystem, this pressure will be effective to hold theclosure membertightly seated and to prevent opening thereof except by the,

exertion of unusual pressure thereon. Various means may be employed formaintaining a proper expansion space within the cooling system,preferably within the top tank of the radiator, though the means hereindisclosed are The maintalnance of this expansion space is-desirable asrendering available air or vapor for discharge through the relief valve,upon opening of the latter, thus assuring operation of this valve inproper manner to produce the audible signal above referred to.

Referring to Figures 10 to 13, inclusive, top tank t of the radiator isprovided with a filler neck I35 formed as shown. A split band I36 issecured,

about neck I35 in a suitable manner, conveniently by screw means I31.Band I36 is provided with an offset I38 in which is disposed a shorttube I38a, closed at it lower end, from which extends similar to that ofFigures 10 to 13, inclusive. The tube I39a is disposed within neck I61,cap I46b is truly'circular in plan, and opening I641) registers with theupper end of thimble I40, as before. The cap is provided with dependingfingers cooperating with cam elements of a band I35a suitably securedabout neck I61, 10 to 13, inclusive. If the cap is turnedcounterclockwise a short distance, sufiicient to permit of its movingupward out of contact with thimble I40, or to dispose opening ISM) sothat'it opens in part into thimble I 40 and in part into neck IS], withappreciable, pressure within the radiator, the latter is vented throughtube I39a, giving an audible signal readily heard, particularly if theengine is stopped. If turning of the cap in opening direction iscontinued, with appreciable pressure within the radiator, the cap willbe raised from the neck, giving a visual and audible signal, andcomplete removal of the cap, so long as the pressure persists, will beobstructed in the same manner as in Figures 10 to l3. The form shown inFigure 14 omits the elbow 54a and associated elements of Figures 10to13, as being unnecessary due to the disposition of tube I39a withinneck I66.

It will be seen that in the forms of my invention shown in Figures 2, 4,10 to 13, inclusive, and 14, I provide means for giving a visual and anaudible warning, at the upper end of the filler neck, where it cannotescape the attention of a person starting to remove the cap, when thepressure within the radiator is of such value as to render removal ofthe capdangerous or objectionable. In certain forms, a further visualand audible warning is given if the cap is moved further in openingdirection, and complete opening of the cap is obstructed so long asappreciable pressure within the radiator persists.

Preferably, I provide a strainer I68 at the under face of portion I55 ofdisc I54. This strainer is of reticulated construction, provided at itsouter edge with a sheet metal reinforcing annulus I89, crimped thereon;and has inforcing annulus crimped thereon, as

a central re- IIIl, also of sheet metal, shown in Figure 10. Valve seatmember I51 passes through annulus I10, which is clamped between flangeI59 and the under face of portion I55 ofclisc- I54, for securing thestrainer in' position. The strainer is concaved downwardbetween membersI 69 and I70, to increase its efiective area while rendering itself-cleaning, in that particles adhering to the under face of thestrainer will be washed therefrom and returned to the radiator bygravity, by condensate passing downward through the strainer.

important that Referring to Figure 10, the filler neck I35 is provided,at its lower end, with a flange I35a fit- .tinginto a correspondingdepression in the. top

neck be not of any considerable weight, as otherwise the weight thereofand the vibration to which the parts are subjected would be apt to soonpull the base of the filler neck loose from the wall of tank t. The capI46 and associated parts are of sheet metal construction, as shown,which renders the device as a whole of exceptionally light weight, butof adequate strength, and avoids danger of loosening of the. fillerneck.

as in Figs.

- valve comprising Also, by having valve I53 of light weight I avoidlikelihood of this valve vibrating in resonance with the neck'andadjacent parts.

As above indicated, and as will be understood by those skilled in the*art, various changes in construction and arrangement of parts of myinvention may be resorted to without departing from the field and scopeof the same, and I intend to include all such variations, as fall withinthe scope of the appended claims, in this applica- I tion, in which thepreferred forms only of my invention are disclosed.

What I claim is:

1-. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, a valve having a port for venting the system, saidvalve comprising a pressure responsive member of materially greater areathan the valve port and normally acting to maintain the valve closed,said member being subject to the pressure within the system and actuatedthereby to open the valve when said pressure exceeds a predeterminedmaximum.

2. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, means for maintaining within the radiator anexpansion chamber of at least a predetermined minimum extent, and avalve communicating with said chamber .and having a port for venting itto atmosphere, said a pressure responsive me her of. materially greaterarea than the valve port and normally acting to maintain the valveclosed, said member being subject to the pressure within the chamber thevalve when said pressure exceeds a predetermined maximum.

3. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, means for maintaining within the radiator anexpansion chamber of at least a predetermined'minimum extent, and a 4.In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine anda cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, means for introducing cooling liquid into thesystem and for limiting the maximum height to which the liquid can beintroduced into the radiator to provide therein -an expansion chamber ofpredetermined minimum extent, and a normally closed pressure responsivevalve subject to the pressure in said expansion chamber and actuatedthereby for vent- .ing the expansion chamber when the pressure exceeds apredetermined maximum 5. In an automobile, in combination with aninternal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor-normally closedto the atmosphere and including a radiator, a filling tube extendinginto the radiator and limiting filling thereof with a liquid to apredetermined level to provide within the radiator a liquid free spaceof predetermined minimum extent, a removable closure member for thetube, and a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to thepressure in said space and actuated thereby for venting the space andactuated thereby to open imum.

til

6. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, a filling member for the radiator, a normallyclosed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiatorand actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressuretherein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, a removable closuremember for the filling member, and means for stopping removal of saidclosure member when there is appreciable pressure within the radiator.

'7. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, a filling member 'for the radiator, a normallyclosed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiatorand actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressuretherein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, a removable closuremember for the filling member, and means for stopping removal of saidclosure member when there is appreciable pressure within the radiatorwhile permitting uninterrupted opening of the closure membersuificiently to vent the radiator between said closure member and thefilling member.

8. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, a filling tube for the radiator, a normally closedpressure responsive valve,

subject to thepressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure forventing the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds a predeterminedmaximum value, and a removable, closure member for the tube, said memberand the tube having cooperating means for forming a fluid-tight andpressure-resistant closure there between when the member is incompletely closed position and for venting the radiator when the closuremember is moved a predetermined dtance in opening direction.

9. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, a filling tube extending downward within theradiator, removable means for closing the outer end of the tube, anormally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in theradiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when thepressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, and meansresponsive to pressure in the radiator for closing said tube to theinterior of the radiator when there is appreciably greater pressurewithin the latter than in the former. V

10. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere-andincluding a radiator, means for automatically supplying a cooling liquidto the radiator and for maintaining the liquid at a predetermined levelwithin the radiator to provide within the latter an-extension space ofpredetermined ex tent, and a normally closed pressure responsive valvesubject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressurefor venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds apredetermined maximum value.

11. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, means for automatically supplying a cooling liquidto the radiator and for maintaining the liquid at a predetermined levelwithin the radiator to prov'ide'within the latter an expansion space ofpredetermined extent, a normally closed pressure responsive valvesubject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressurefor venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds apredetermined maximum value, and means responsive to the temperature ofthe cooling system for disabling the liquid supplying means when thetemperature of the system is below a predetermined low temperature andenabling said supplying means when the cooling system is at or abovesaid predetermined temperature.v

12. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and 1and including a radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valvesubject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressurefor venting the radiator when the pressure therein l exceeds apredetermined maximum value, and a movable wall subject to the pressurewithin the system and accessible for operating mechanisms supplementalthereto.

14. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valvesubject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressurefor venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds apredetermined maximum value, and

means responsive to the temperature 'of the cool-- ing system foradmitting air thereto when said system is at or belowa predetermined'lowtemperature.

15. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valvesubject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressurefor venting the radiator when thepressure therein exceeds apredetermined maximum value, and

means responsive to the temperature of the cooling system for admittingair thereto when said system is at or below a-predetermined lowtemperature, said-means establishing free communication between thesystem and the atmosphere when said system is at or below saidpredetermined temperature.

16. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling sysand including a radiator having a top tank, a cup-likecasing having an outwardly projecting -tem therefor normally closed tothe atmosphere peripheral flange adapted for seatinsin a corre- 7.5

sponding depression in a wall of the tank contiguous to an openingthrough said wall to accommodate the body of the casing, a cuppeddiatending into the flange of the casing and secured therein, and twocooperating valve members disposed centrally of the diaphragm and thecasing at the side of the latter disposed within said tank, one of saidmembers defining an outlet opening and the other controlling saidopening, said casing being provided through said side thereof with aninlet opening for admitting fluid under variable pressure from said tankinto-said casing, the eiTective cross-area of said outlet opening beingat least, as great as the effective cross-area of the inlet opening.

17. In an automobile, in combination, an internal' combustion engine anda cooling system therefor closed to the atmosphere, and a movable wallsubject to the pressure within thesystem and accessible for operatingmechanisms supplemental thereto.

18. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, means for limiting the level of cooling liquidwithin said system for maintaining therein an expansion space of atsponsive valve within said housing controlling communication betweensaid space'and said outlet tube, said valve being disposed above thenormal liquid level in said system.

19. In combination with a radiator intended for use with an automobileinternal combustion .engine cooling system at all times normally closedto the atmosphere, said radiator comprising a top'tank having a topwall, a valve housing disposed in proximity to said top wall and open tosaid tank for receiving therefrom fluid under pressure, a substantiallyhorizontal outlet tube exterior of and leading from said housing, saidtube being in close proximity to said top wall and said housing being ofslight height relative to its width, and a normally closed pressureresponsive valve within said housing controlling communicationbetweensaid tank and said outlet tube, said valve being disposed abovethe normal level of cooling liquid in said radiator.

20. In an automobile, incombination with an internal combustion engineand a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere andincluding a radiator, a filling member for the radiator, a normallyclosed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiatorand member for the filling member, and means for limiting removal ofsaid closure memberwh'en there is appreciable pressure within theradiator while permitting opening of the closure member suilicientlyto-vent the radiator to atmosphere.

between said closure member and the upper end of said filling member.

21. In combination with a radiator for use in an internal combustionengine cooling system, a filling member for the radiator, a. removableclosure member for the filling member, and means for obstructing removalof said closure member when there is appreciable pressure within theradiator while permitting opening of the closure member sufliciently tovent the radiator.

22. In combination with an internal combustion engine and a coolingsystem therefor including a radiator, a filling member for the radiator,a removable closure member for the filling member, and means forstopping removal of said closure member when there is appreciablepressure within the radiator, while permitting uninterrupted opening ofthe closure member sufilciently to vent the radiator between saidclosure member and the filling member.

23. In combination with an internal combustion engine and a coolingsystem therefor including a radiator, afilling tube for the radiator,and a removable closure cap for the tube extending thereacross, said capand said tube having cooperating means for forming a fluid tight andpressure resistant closure therebetween when said cap is in completelyclosed position, and for venting the radiator when said closure cap ismoved apredetermined distance in opening direction.

24. In combination with a radiator intended for use in an internalcombustion engine cooling system normally closed to the atmosphere,

a filling member for the radiator, a normally closed pressure responsivevalve subject to the pressure within the radiator for venting the latterwhen the pressure therein reaches a predetermined maximum value, aremovable closure member for the filling member; and means eflective forobstructing removal of said closure member when there is appreciablepressure within the radiator.

25. In combination with a radiator intended for use in an internalcombustion engine cooling systemnormally closed to the atmosphere, anormally closed pressure responsive valve subiect to the pressure withinthe radiator for venting the latter when the pressure therein reaches apredetermined maximum value, and a movable wall subject ,to the pressurewithin the radiator.

26. In combination, a radiator intended for use in an internalcombustionengine cooling and said venting means, said valve being dis-- -posedabove the normal liquid level in said system.

FRANK P. ILLSLEY.

